base

base¹
noun

the lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported
基，底
she sat down at the base of a tree.
她在一个树桩边坐下。
■(Architecture)the part of a column between the shaft and pedestal or pavement
(建筑)基底，基座
■(Botany & Zoology)the end at which a part or organ is attached to the trunk or main part
(植，动)基部；连接处
■(Geometry)a line or surface on which a figure is regarded as standing
(几何)底边；底面
the base of the triangle.
这个三角形的底边。
■(Surveying)a known line used as a geometrical base for trigonometry
(测绘)基线
■(Heraldry)the lowest part of a shield
(纹章)（盾形的）下部
■(Heraldry)the lower third of the field
(纹章)（盾面）下三分之一部
a conceptual structure or entity on which something draws or depends
基础
the town's economic base collapsed.
这个城镇的经济基础崩溃了。
■something used as a foundation or starting point for further work
基点，起点
she uses existing data as the base for the study.
她以现有信息作为研究的起点。
■[with modifier]a group of people regarded as supporting an organization, for example by buying its products
（通过购买其产品等方式支持某机构的）基本群体
a client base.
客户群。
the main place where a person works or stays
（工作或活动的）据点；基地
she makes the studio her base.
她把工作室作为她的基地。
■(chiefly Military)a place used as a centre of operations by the armed forces or others; headquarters
(主军)根据地，基地，总部
he headed back to base.
他折回总部去。
■a place from which a particular activity can be carried out
基地
a base for shipping operations.
水运业务基地。
a main or important element or ingredient to which other things are added
基本成分
soaps with a vegetable oil base.
以植物油为基本成分的肥皂。
■[mass noun]a substance used as a foundation for make-up
（化妆品）粉底
■[mass noun]a substance into which a pigment is mixed to form paint, such as water, oil, or powdered aluminium hydroxide
（油漆的）底层，底涂
(Chemistry)a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions
(化)碱。比较 alkali
■(Biochemistry)a purine or pyrimidine group in a nucleotide or nucleic acid
(生化)碱基
(Electronics)the middle part of a bipolar transistor, separating the emitter from the collector
(电子)（晶体管的）基极
(Linguistics)the root or stem of a word or a derivative
(语言学)词根；词基
■the uninflected form of a verb
动词原形
(Mathematics)a number used as the basis of a numeration scale
(数)（数系的）基（数）
■a number in terms of which other numbers are expressed as logarithms
（对数的）底
(Baseball)one of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run
(棒球)垒

verb
[with obj.]

(常作 be based)use something specified as the foundation or starting-point for (something)
以…为基础（或出发点）
the film is based on a novel by Pat Conroy.
那部电影是以派特•康罗伊的一部小说为基础的。
entitlement will be based on income.
津贴将以收入为基础。
(一般作 be based)situate at a specified place as the centre of operations
将…的活动中心（或总部）设在某地
the Science Policy Review Unit is based at the University of Sussex.
科学策略审核单位的活动中心设在苏塞克斯大学。
[as adj., in combination -based]a London-based band.
一支常驻伦敦的乐队。

常用词组
get to first base

[usu. with negative](informal, chiefly N. Amer.)achieve the first step towards one's objective
(非正式，主北美)迈出第一步

off base

(informal, chiefly N. Amer.)mistaken
(非正式，主北美)错误的

touch base (with)

(informal, chiefly N. Amer.)briefly make or renew contact (with)
(非正式，主北美)（与…）联系，恢复联系

语源

Middle English : from Old French, from Latin basis 'base, pedestal', from Greek

base²
adjective

(of a person or their actions or feelings) without moral principles; ignoble
（人、行为或感情）卑鄙的，卑劣的
the electorate's baser instincts of greed and selfishness.
选民那贪婪自私的卑劣本性。
(archaic)denoting or befitting a person of low social class
(古)卑下的，卑贱的
(of coins or other articles) not made of precious metal
（硬币或其他物体）掺杂贱金属的；成色低的

派生
basely
adverb
baseness
noun
语源

late Middle English : from Old French bas, from medieval Latin bassus 'short' (found in classical Latin as a cognomen). Early senses included 'low, short' and 'of inferior quality'; from the latter arose a sense 'low in the social scale', and hence (mid 16th cent.) 'reprehensibly cowardly, selfish, or mean'

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