bone

bone
noun

any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates
骨，骨头
his injuries included many broken bones.
他的伤包括多处骨折。
a shoulder bone.
肩胛骨。
■(one's bones)one's body
身体，骨骼
he hauled his tired bones upright.
他舒展疲惫的身体。
■(bones)a corpse or skeleton
尸体，骨骸
the diggers turned up the bones of a fifteen-year-old girl.
挖掘者挖出一个15岁女孩的尸体。
■(bones)(figurative)the basic or essential framework of something
(喻)基本结构，基本框架
you need to put some flesh on the bones of your idea.
你还得往你的基本构思里加点实在的东西。
■a bone of an animal with meat on it fed to a dog
（喂狗的）带肉骨头
The substance of bones is formed by specialized cells (osteoblasts) which secrete around themselves a material containing calcium salts (which provide hardness and strength in compression) and collagen fibres (which provide tensile strength). Many bones have a central cavity containing marrow
[mass noun]the calcified material of which bones consist
骨质
an earring bone.
骨质耳环。
■a substance similar to this such as ivory, dentine or whalebone
象牙，牙质，鲸鱼骨
■(常作 bones)a thing made or formerly made of such a substance, such as a strip of stiffening for a foundation garment or strapless dress
（支撑衣服用的）鲸骨
■(一般作 bones)(in southern Africa) one of a set of carved dice or bones used by traditional healers in divination
（南部非洲）占卜用的骨头

verb

[with obj.]remove the bones from (meat or fish) before cooking it
剔骨
[with obj.](US vulgar slang)(of a man) have sexual intercourse with (someone)
(美，粗俚)（男人）与（某人）性交
[noobj.](bone up on)(informal)study (a subject) intensively, typically in preparation for something
(非正式)（尤指为应付某事而）苦学；临时抱佛脚
she boned up on languages she had learned long ago and went back to New Guinea.
她临时抱佛脚温习了一下很久以前学的语言然后就回了新几内亚。

常用词组
bone of contention

a subject or issue over which there is continuing disagreement
争端的焦点
the examination system has long been a serious bone of contention.
考试制度一直就是大家热烈争论的焦点。

close to (或 near) the bone

(of a remark) penetrating and accurate to the point of causing hurt or discomfort
（言语）伤人的，令人不舒服的
■(of a joke or story) likely to cause offence because near the limit of decency
（笑话、故事）近乎下流的

cut (或 pare) something to the bone

reduce something to the bare minimum
使最小化
costs will have to be cut to the bone.
成本必须降到最低程度。

have a bone to pick with someone

(informal)have reason to disagree or be annoyed with someone
(非正式)同…有争端要解决，对…有理由怀恨

in one's bones

felt, understood, believed, or known very deeply or instinctively
深深地（或本能地）感到，理解，相信，知道
something good was bound to happen; he could feel in his bones.
他本能地觉得一定会有好事发生。

make no bones about

have no hesitation in stating or dealing with (something), however unpleasant, awkward, or distasteful it is
对…毫不犹豫，对…直言不讳
he makes no bones about his feelings towards the militants.
他直言不讳地说出了自己对激进分子们的态度。

not have a —— bone in one's body

have not the slightest trace of the specified quality
没有一点（某种特性）
she hasn't got a sympathetic bone in her body.
她一点同情心都没有。

off the bone

(of meat or fish) having had the bone or bones removed before being cooked, served, or sold
（肉、鱼）无骨的

on the bone

(of meat or fish) having the bone or bones left in when cooked, served, or sold
（肉、鱼）带骨的

point the bone at

(Austral.)(of an Aboriginal) cast a spell on (someone) so as to cause their sickness or death
(澳大利亚)（土著）以凶符骨指向…咒其倒霉（或丧命）
■(figurative)betray (someone); let (someone) down
(喻)背叛；辜负

throw the bones

(S. African)use divining bones to foretell the future or discover the source of a difficulty by studying the pattern they form when thrown on the ground
(南非)占卜

to the bone

(of a wound) so deep as expose a person's bone
及骨，到骨头
his thigh had been axed open to the bone.
他的大腿被斧头砍伤及骨头。
his contempt cut her to the bone.
他的轻视对她伤害极深。
■(especially of cold) affecting a person in a very penetrating way
（尤指感冒）给某人带来极深影响
see to one's bones below
见下面 to one's bones

to one's bones (或 to the bone)

used to emphasize that a person has a specified quality or experience in an overwhelming or very fundamental way
深入骨髓，彻底地，到极点
he's a cop to the bone.
他是个地地道道的警察。

what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh (或 blood)

(proverb)a person's behaviour or characteristics are determined by their heredity
(谚)江山易改，本性难移

work one's fingers to the bone

work very hard
不住手地工作；勤奋工作

语源

Old English bán, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch been and German Bein

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