burn

burn1
(past and past participle burned 或主 英 burnt)
  1. [no obj.](of a fire) flame or glow while consuming a material such as coal or wood
    烧，燃烧
    a fire burned and crackled cheerfully in the grate.
    炉子里的火噼噼啪啪烧得正旺。
    ■(of a candle or other source of light) be alight
    点亮
    a light was burning in the hall.
    大厅里点着灯。
    ■be or cause to be destroyed by fire
    （使）烧毁
    [no obj.]he watched his restaurant burn to the ground.
    他眼看着自己的餐馆被烧成平地。
    [with obj.]he burned all the letters.
    他把所有的信都烧了。
    ■[with obj.]damage or injure by heat or fire
    烫伤；烧伤
    I burned myself on the stove.
    我被炉子烫着了。
  2. [no obj.](of a person, the skin, or a part of the body) become red and painful through exposure to the sun
    晒黑；晒痛，晒伤
    my skin tans easily but sometimes burns.
    我的皮肤容易晒黑，但有时有痛感。
    ■feel or cause to feel sore, hot, or inflamed, typically as a result of illness or injury
    （使）感到灼痛；（使）感到火辣辣
    ■(of a person's face) feel hot and flushed from an intense emotion such as shame or indignation
    （脸因羞或怒）发烧
    her face burned with the humiliation.
    她的脸羞得发烧。
    ■(be burning with)be entirely possessed by (a desire or an emotion)
    充满炽热感情（或欲望）
    Martha was burning with curiosity.
    玛莎充满了好奇。
  3. [with obj.]use (a type of fuel) as a source of heat or energy
    以…作燃料
    a diesel engine converted to burn natural gas.
    被改装成烧天然气的柴油机。
    ■[with obj.](of the body of a person or animal) convert (calories) to energy
    （人，动物）把热量转化成能量
  4. [no obj., with adverbial of direction](informal)drive very fast
    (非正式)飞速驾驶
    a despatch rider burning up the highways.
    在公路上飞速开车的通讯员。
  5. [with obj.]produce (a compact disc) by copying from an original or master copy
    刻录（光盘）
noun
  1. an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame
    烫伤；烧伤
    he was treated in hospital for burns to his hands.
    他烫伤了手在医院接受治疗。
    ■a mark left on something as a result of being burned
    烧痕
    the cord carpet was covered in cigarette burns.
    绳编地毯到处都是香烟烧过的痕迹。
    ■[mass noun]a feeling of heat and discomfort on the skin caused by friction, typically from a rope or razor
    （皮肤摩擦后）灼热；灼痛
    a smooth shave without razor burn.
    没有丝毫灼痛的舒服修面。
    ■a sensation of heat experienced on swallowing hot liquid or strong liquor
    （喝烈性酒或发烫饮料引起的）灼热；火辣感觉
    Kate felt the burn as the liquid hit her throat.
    饮料咽下时凯特感到喉部火辣辣的。
    ■(Brit. informal)a cigarette
    (英，非正式)香烟
    ■a hot, painful sensation in the muscles experienced as a result of sustained vigorous exercise
    （肌肉持续剧烈运动后的）酸痛
  2. consumption of a type of fuel as an energy source
    消耗（燃料）
    natural gas produces the cleanest burn of the lot.
    在所有的燃料中天燃气燃烧起来最干净。
    ■a firing of a rocket engine in flight
    （飞行中火箭发动机）点火，点燃
  3. (N. Amer. & Austral./NZ)an act of clearing of vegetation by burning
    (北美，澳／新西兰)烧除地上草木
    ■an area of land cleared in this way
    用火烧出的空地
常用词组
be burned at the stake
  1. (historical)be executed by being tied to a stake and being publicly burned alive, typically for alleged heresy or witchcraft
    (史)施火刑
burn one's boats (或 bridges)
  1. do something which makes it impossible to return to an earlier state
    破釜沉舟
burn the candle at both ends
  1. go to bed late and get up early
    晚睡早起；超负荷工作
burn the midnight oil
  1. read or work late into the night
    挑灯夜战；开夜车
burn (北美 亦作 lay) rubber
  1. (informal)drive very quickly
    (非正式)飞速驾车
go for the burn
  1. (informal)push one's body to the extremes when doing physical exercise
    (非正式)（运动时躯体）伸展到极限
a slow burn
  1. (informal)a state of slowly mounting anger or annoyance
    (非正式)怒火慢慢腾起
    the medical community's shrugging acceptance is fuelling a slow burn among women.
    医疗界接纳女性时的勉强态度逐渐引起了她们的愤怒。
with money burning in a hole of one's pocket
  1. having a strong urge to spend money as soon as one receives it
    有钱就想花；大手大脚
语源
  1. Old English birnan 'be on fire' and baernan 'consume by fire', both from the same Germanic base; related to German brennen
继承用法
burn something down (或 burn down)
  1. (of a building or structure) destroy or be destroyed completely by fire
    （建筑物）（被）焚为平地，烧得精光
burn something in/into
  1. brand or imprint by burning
    打烙印
    designs are burnt into the skin.
    把图案烙进皮肤。
    a childhood incident that was burnt into her memory.
    深深印在她记忆中的一件童年往事。
    ■(Photography)expose one area of a print more than the rest
    (摄)将局部额外曝光
    the sky and bottom of the picture needed substantial burning in.
    天空以及照片底部都需要额外曝光。
burn something off
  1. remove a substance using heat
    烧掉某物
    using a blowlamp to burn off the paint.
    用喷灯把油漆烧掉。
burn out
  1. be completely consumed and thus no longer alight
    燃料用尽而熄灭
    the candle in the saucer had burned out.
    茶碟里的蜡烛已经烧灭了。
    ■cease to function as a result of excessive heat or friction
    （因过热或摩擦）烧坏，停止工作
    the clutch had burned out.
    离合器熄火了。
burn oneself out
  1. ruin one's health or become completely exhausted through overwork
    积劳成疾；（超时工作而）把身体搞坏
burn someone out
  1. make someone homeless by destroying their home by fire
    （用火烧毁某人的房屋）使某人无家可归
    Catholics and Protestants were burned out of their homes.
    天主教徒和新教徒家被烧了，已都无家可归。
burn something out
  1. completely destroy a building or vehicle by fire, so that only a shell remains
    烧毁…的内部
burn up
  1. (of a fire) produce brighter and stronger flames
    （火）旺起来，烧起来
  2. (of an object entering the earth's atmosphere) be destroyed by heat
    （物体进入大气层）被焚毁
burn someone up
  1. (N. Amer. informal)make someone very angry
    (北美，非正式)使愤怒
burn2
noun
  1. (Scottish & N. English)a small stream
    (苏格兰，北英格兰)小溪
语源
  1. Old English burna, burn(e), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bron and German Brunnen 'well'
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