challenge

challenge
noun

a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation, game, or fight to decide who is superior in terms of ability or strength
挑战
he accepted the challenge.
他接受了挑战。
■a task or situation that tests someone's abilities
考验
the traverse of the ridge is a challenge for experienced climbers.
穿越这座山脊对经验丰富的登山者来说也是一种考验。
■an attempt to win a contest or championship in a sport
（体育比赛的）求胜心
an objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof
异议；质疑
a challenge to the legality of the banning order.
对禁令合法性的质疑。
■a sentry's call for a password or other proof of identity
（岗哨验明身份的）口令盘问，暗号盘问
■(Law)an objection regarding the eligibility or suitability of a jury member
(律)（对陪审员资格或合适性提出的）反对
[mass noun](Medicine)exposure of the immune system to pathogenic organisms or antigens
(医)激发免疫反应，免疫系统与病原体（或抗原体）的接触
recently vaccinated calves should be protected from challenge.
需保护刚接种疫苗的小牛，使其免疫系统不与病原体接触。

verb
[with obj.]

dispute the truth or validity of
对（事物）的真实性（或有效性）提出质疑
It is possible to challenge the report's assumptions.
对报告中的假设提出质疑是有可能的。
■(Law)object to (a jury member)
(律)反对（陪审员）
■(of a sentry) call on (someone) to prove their identity
（岗哨为验明身份）向…盘问口令
invite (someone) to engage in a contest
邀请…参加比赛，发出挑战
he challenged one of my men to a duel.
他向我的一个随从发出挑战，要求决斗。
■enter into competition with or opposition against
与…竞争；反对…
organizations challenged the government in by-elections.
各组织在补缺选举中与政府一争上下。
■make a rival claim to or threaten someone's hold on (a position)
对（某人的地位）提出竞争；威胁（某人的地位）
they were challenging his leadership.
他们威胁着他的领导地位。
■[with obj. and infinitive]invite (someone) to do or say something that one thinks will be difficult or impossible
故意为难（某人）
I challenge the Minister to deny these accusations.
我故意为难部长，要求他否认这些指控。
■[usu. as adj. challenging]test the abilities of
考验人
challenging and rewarding employment.
考验人但很有回报的工作。
(Medicine)expose (the immune system) to pathogenic organisms or antigens
(医)使（免疫系统）与病原体（或抗原体）接触

派生
challengeable
adjective
challenger
noun
challengingly
adverb
语源

Middle English (in the senses 'accusation' and 'accuse'): from Old French chalenge (noun), chalenger (verb), from Latin calumnia 'calumny', calumniari 'calumniate'

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