culture

culture
noun
[mass noun]
  1. the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
    [总称]文化；文明
    20th century popular culture.
    二十世纪的通俗文化。
    ■a refined understanding or appreciation of this
    修养；情操
    men of culture.
    有修养的人。
    ■the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group
    （特定民族，人民或社会团体的）文化；文明
    Afro-Caribbean culture.
    非洲加勒比文化。
    [count noun]people from many different cultures.
    来自不同文化背景的人。
    ■[with modifier]the attitudes and behaviour characteristic of a particular social group
    （代表特定社会团体的）态度；行为
    the emerging drug culture.
    逐渐暴露的吸毒问题。
  2. (Biology)the cultivation of bacteria, tissue cells, etc. in an artificial medium containing nutrients
    (生)（细菌，细胞组织等的）培养
    the cells proliferate readily in culture.
    培养的细胞迅速繁殖。
    ■[count noun]a preparation of cells obtained in such a way
    专门培养的细胞组织
    the bacterium was isolated in two blood cultures.
    细菌被从两种血液培养液中分离出来。
    ■the cultivation of plants
    （植物的）栽培
    this variety of lettuce is popular for its ease of culture.
    这种莴苣因容易种植而广受欢迎。
verb
  1. [with obj.](Biology)maintain (tissue cells, bacteria, etc.) in conditions suitable for growth
    (生)培养（细胞组织，细菌等）
语源
  1. Middle English (denoting a cultivated piece of land): the noun from French culture or directly from Latin cultura 'growing, cultivation'; the verb from obsolete French culturer or medieval Latin culturare, both based on Latin colere 'tend, cultivate' (see cultivate). In late Middle English the sense was 'cultivation of the soil' and from this (early 16th cent.), arose 'cultivation (of the mind, faculties, or manners'); sense 1 dates from the early 19th cent
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