foul

foul
adjective

offensive to the senses, especially through having a disgusting smell or taste or being unpleasantly soiled
令人恶心的；难闻的，恶臭的
a foul odour.
恶臭味。
his foul breath.
他吐出的臭气。
■(informal)very disagreeable or unpleasant
(非正式)非常不愉快的；讨厌的
the news had put Michelle in a foul mood.
这消息让米歇尔心情很坏。
■(of the weather) wet and stormy
（天气）恶劣的；风雨交加的
■(Sailing)(of wind or tide) opposed to one's desired course
(航海)（风，潮）逆的；与希望方向相反的
wicked or immoral
邪恶的；无耻的，不道德的
murder most foul.
最残酷的谋杀。
■(of language) obscene or profane
（语言）下流的，猥亵的；亵渎的
■done contrary to the rules of a sport
犯规的
a foul tackle.
阻截犯规。
containing or charged with noxious matter; polluted
含有（或充满）有害物质的；被污染的
foul, swampy water.
沼泽中含有有害物质的水。
■[predic.](foul with)clogged or choked with
被堵塞的；被阻塞的
the land was foul with weeds.
地上野草丛生。
■(Nautical)(of a rope or anchor) entangled
(航海)（绳子，锚）缠住的
■(of a ship's bottom) overgrown with weed, barnacles, or similar matter
（船底）长满海草（或甲壳动物等）的

noun

(in sport) an unfair or invalid stroke or piece of play, especially one involving interference with an opponent
（体育用语）犯规
■a collision or entanglement in riding, rowing, or running
（马术，划船，赛跑）碰撞；缠结
[mass noun](informal, dated)a disease in the feet of cattle
(非正式，旧)腐蹄病

adverb

unfairly; contrary to the rules
犯规地；违反规则地

verb
[with obj.]

make foul or dirty; pollute
弄污，弄脏；污染
factories which fouled the atmosphere.
污染大气的工厂。
■(of an animal) make (something) dirty with excrement
（动物）拉屎弄脏
make sure that your pet never fouls paths.
确保你的宠物从不在路上排便。
■(foul oneself)(of a person) defecate involuntarily
（人）大便失禁
(in sport) commit a foul against (an opponent)
（体育用语）对（对手）犯规
(of a ship) collide with or interfere with the passage of (another)
（船）碰撞；（船）干扰（另一艘船的）航道
■cause (a cable, anchor, or other object) to become entangled or jammed
使（缆，锚等）缠结（或堵塞）
watch out for driftwood which might foul up the engine.
当心可能堵塞发动机的漂流木。
■[no obj.]become entangled in this way
缠结；堵塞

常用词组
foul one's (own) nest

do something damaging or harmful to oneself or one's own interests
破坏（或伤害）自己（或自己的利益）

派生
foully
adverb
foulness
noun
语源

Old English fūl, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse fúll 'foul', Dutch vuil 'dirty', and German faul 'rotten, lazy', from an Indo-European root shared by Latin pus, Greek puos 'pus', and Latin putere 'to stink'

继承用法
foul something up ( 或 foul up)

make a mistake with or spoil something
把…搞糟；搞乱
leaders should admit when they completely foul things up.
领导人把事情完全搞糟时应该自己承认。

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