gadfly

gadfly
(pl. -flies)
  1. a fly that bites livestock, especially a horsefly, warble fly, or botfly
    虻,牛虻(尤指马蝇、皮瘤蝇等)
    ■(figurative)an annoying person, especially one who provokes others into action by criticism
    (喻)讨人厌者(尤指批评他人而促其行动的人)
语源
  1. late 16th cent.: from gad, or obsolete gad 'goad, spike', from Old Norse gaddr, of Germanic origin; related to yard
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