lay

lay1
(past and past participle laid)
  1. [with obj. and adverbial of place]put down, especially gently or carefully
    （尤指轻轻或小心地）放下
    she laid the baby in his cot.
    她把婴儿放到小床上。
    ■[with obj.]prevent (something) from rising off the ground
    阻止（某物）扬起
    there may have been the odd light shower just to lay the dust.
    可能有过偶发的小阵雨止住了扬尘。
  2. [with obj.]put down and set in position for use
    铺设，（为使用）放好
    it is advisable to have your carpet laid by a professional.
    请专业人士铺地毯是明智的。
    the groundwork for change had been laid.
    变革的基础已经打好了。
    ■set cutlery, crockery, and mats on (a table) in preparation for a meal
    摆放餐具
    she laid the table for the evening meal.
    她为晚餐摆好了桌子。
    ■(常作be laid with)cover (a surface) with objects or a substance
    用物件（或材料）覆盖
    the floor was laid with mattresses.
    地板上铺着垫子。
    ■make ready (a trap) for someone
    设置（陷阱）
    she wouldn't put it past him to lay a trap for her.
    她不排除他陷害她的可能。
    ■put the material for (a fire) in place and arrange it
    （为生火）积薪，堆柴
    ■work out (an idea or suggestion) in detail ready for use or presentation
    制定，拟订（想法，建议）
    I'd like more time to lay my plans.
    我需要更多时间拟订计划。
    ■(lay something before)present information or suggestions to be considered and acted upon by (someone)
    （向某人）提供信息（或建议）
    he laid before Parliament proposals for the establishment of the committee.
    他向议会提出了成立该委员会的提议。
    ■(一般作be laid)locate (an episode in a play, novel, etc.) in a certain place
    安排，决定（戏剧、小说情节）的场景
    no one who knew the area could be in doubt where the scene was laid.
    知道这地方的人都不怀疑这情节的发生地在哪里。
    ■[with obj.](Nautical)follow (a specified course)
    (航海)沿（特定航线）航行
    ■[with obj.]stake (an amount of money) in a wager
    （用钱）下注
    she suspected he was pulling her leg, but she wouldn't have laid money on it.
    她怀疑他在开她的玩笑，但不会就此下赌注。
    ■[with obj.]trim (a hedge) back, cutting the branches half through, bending them down, and interweaving them
    整修（树篱）
  3. [with obj.]used with an abstract noun so that the phrase formed has the same meaning as the verb related to the noun used, e.g. ‘lay the blame on’ means ‘to blame’
    ［在抽象名词前构成与该词意义相关的动词短语，如 lay the blame on 意为to blame]把…放在…上
    she laid great stress on little courtesies.
    她特别重视琐细礼仪。
    ■(lay something on)require (someone) to endure or deal with a responsibility or difficulty
    要求（某人）忍受（或承担）（责任，困难）
    this is an absurdly heavy guilt trip to lay on anyone.
    这是让任何人都难以承受的荒唐的重大负罪感。
  4. [with obj.](of a female bird, insect, reptile, or amphibian) produce (an egg) from inside the body
    （鸟，虫，爬行类，两栖动物）产（卵）
    flamingos lay only one egg.
    火烈鸟仅产一枚卵。
    [no obj.]the hens were laying at the same rate as usual.
    母鸡以往常的频率下蛋。
  5. [with obj.](vulgar slang)have sexual intercourse with
    (粗俚)与…性交
noun
  1. [in sing.]the general appearance of an area of land, including the direction of streams, hills, and similar features
    地貌（包括河山走势等特征）
    the lay of the surrounding countryside.
    周围农村地貌。
    ■the position or direction in which something lies
    （某物的）位置，方位
    roll the carpet against the lay of the nap.
    把地毯绒毛一面朝里卷起来。
    ■the direction or amount of twist in rope strands
    （绳索）捻向，绞距
  2. (vulgar slang)an act of sexual intercourse
    (粗俚)性交
    ■[with adj.]a person with a particular ability or availability as a sexual partner
    特别有能力的（或易找到的）性伴侣
  3. [mass noun]the laying of eggs or the period during which they are laid
    产卵，产卵期
常用词组
in lay
  1. (of a hen) laying eggs regularly
    （母鸡）定期下蛋的，产卵期中的
lay something at someone's door
  1. 见door
lay something bare
  1. bring something out of concealment; expose something
    曝光，揭露
    the sad tale of failure was laid bare.
    惨败的故事被披露了。
lay a charge
  1. make an accusation
    指控，控告
    we could lay a charge of gross negligence.
    我们可以控告玩忽职守。
lay claim to something
  1. assert that one has a right to something
    提出所有权要求
    four men laid claim to the leadership.
    有四人争夺领导权。
    ■assert that one possesses a skill or quality
    声称具有技能（或资格）
    she has never laid claim to medical knowledge.
    她从未说过懂医道。
lay down the law
  1. 见law
lay eyes on
  1. 见eye
lay a (或the) ghost
  1. get rid of a distressing, frightening, or worrying memory or thought
    驱除悲伤（或恐惧，忧虑等）状态；去除阴影
    we need to lay the ghost of the past and condemn Nazism.
    我们需要驱除过去的阴影，声讨纳粹主义。
lay hands on
  1. find and take possession of
    找到，抓到
    they huddled trying to keep warm under anything they could lay hands on.
    他们挤在一起，想用能到手的任何东西盖在身上保暖。
  2. place one's hands on or over, especially in confirmation, ordination, or spiritual healing
    （尤指行坚信礼、接受圣职或精神康复）置手于
lay(或put)one's hands on
  1. find and acquire
    找到，得到
    I would read every book I could lay my hands on.
    我会读能找到的每一本书。
lay hold of (或on)
  1. catch at with one's hands
    抓住
    he was afraid she might vanish if he did not lay hold of her.
    他担心如果不抓住她，她可能会消失。
    ■gain possession of
    获得，拥有
    the gun was the only one he had been able to lay hold of.
    这是他曾拥有的惟一一杆枪。
lay it on the line
  1. 见line
lay someone low
  1. (of an illness) reduce someone to inactivity
    （疾病）使躺倒
    ■bring to an end the high position or good fortune formerly enjoyed by someone
    结束某人的高位（或好运）
    she reflected on how quickly fate can lay a person low.
    她思索命运能多快就让人潦倒。
lay something on the table
  1. 见table
lay something on thick (或with a trowel)
  1. (informal)grossly exaggerate or overemphasize something
    (非正式)夸张，夸大
lay someone open to
  1. expose someone to the risk of (something)
    使暴露在危险下
    his position could lay him open to accusations of favouritism.
    他的职位可以让他蒙受偏袒的指控。
lay oneself out to do something
  1. (chiefly Brit.)make a special effort to do something
    (主英)特意做
    she's laying herself out to be pleasant.
    她特意取悦于人。
lay siege to
  1. 见siege
lay store by
  1. 见store
lay someone/thing to rest
  1. bury a body in a grave
    掩埋人（或物）
    ■soothe and dispel fear, anxiety, grief, or a similar unpleasant emotion
    平息，去除恐惧（或焦急，悲伤等）不良情绪
    suspicion will be laid to rest by fact rather than hearsay.
    怀疑将由事实消除，而不是靠传闻。
lay something (to) waste
  1. 见waste
语源
  1. Old English lecgan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch leggen and German legen, also to lie
用法
  1. The verb lay means, broadly, ‘put something down’, as in they are going to lay the carpetThe past tense and the past participle of this verb is laid, as in they laid the groundwork or she had laid careful plansThe verb lie, on the other hand, means ‘be in a horizontal position to rest’, as in why don't you lie on the floor? The past tense of this verb is layhe lay on the floorand the past participle is lainshe had lain on the bed for hoursThus, in correct use, lay can be either the past tense of lie or the base form of lay. In practice many speakers make the mistake of using lay, laying, and laid as if they meant lie, lying, lay, and lain. Examples of incorrect usewhy don't you lay on the bedcorrect form is lie); she was laying on the bedcorrect form is lying); he had laid on the floor for hourscorrect form is lain)
继承用法
lay about
  1. beat or attack (someone) violently
    猛打
    they weren't against laying about you with sticks and stones.
    他们不会反对用棍子和石头猛打你。
    ■(lay about one)strike out wildly on all sides
    四处猛击
    the mare laid about her with her front legs and teeth.
    母马用前腿和牙齿疯狂踢咬。
lay something aside
  1. put something to one side
    放在一边
    he laid aside his book.
    他把书放在一边。
    ■keep business to deal with later
    留待日后处理，搁置
    ■reserve money for the future or for a particular cause
    （为将来或特定事业）储备钱
    he begged them to lay something aside towards the cause.
    他恳求他们为这项事业储备一点钱。
    ■give up a practice or attitude
    放弃（做法，态度）
    the situation gave them a good reason to lay aside their differences.
    时势给他们很好的理由放弃分歧。
lay something down
  1. put something that one has been holding on the ground or another surface
    放下
    she finished her eclair and laid down her fork.
    她吃完巧克力泡夫，放下了餐叉。
    ■give up the use or enjoyment of something
    放弃（使用，享用）
    they renounced violence and laid down their arms.
    他们声明弃绝暴力，放下了武器。
    ■sacrifice one' life in a noble cause
    （为高尚事业）献出（生命）；牺牲
    he laid down his life for his country.
    他为祖国献出了生命。
  2. formulate and enforce or insist on a rule or principle
    制订，实施（或坚持）（规定，原则）
    stringent criteria have been laid down.
    已经制订了严厉的标准。
  3. set something in position for use on the ground or a surface
    铺设
    the floors were constructed by laying down precast concrete blocks.
    地面是通过铺设预制混凝土块建成的。
    ■establish something in or on the ground
    （在地下或地面）建立，建造
    the ancient grid of streets was laid down by Roman planners.
    这些纵横交错的古街道是罗马设计者建造的。
    ■begin to construct a ship or railway
    开始建造（船，铁路）
    ■(一般作be laid down)build up a deposit of a substance
    造成物质沉积
    these cells lay down new bone tissue.
    这些细胞沉积成新的骨组织。
  4. store wine in a cellar
    用酒窖贮藏（葡萄酒）
  5. pay or wager money
    付款，下赌注
  6. (informal)record a piece of music
    (非正式)录制（音乐）
    he was invited to the studio to lay down some backing vocals.
    他被请到录音棚去录制一些伴奏声乐。
lay something in/up
  1. build up a stock of something in case of need
    贮存（某物）以备需要
lay into
  1. (informal)attack violently with words or blows
    (非正式)袭击，口头攻击
    three youths laid into him.
    三个青年袭击了他。
lay off
  1. (informal)give up
    (非正式)放弃
    I laid off smoking for seven years.
    我戒了七年烟。
    ■[usu. in imperative]used to advise someone to stop doing something
    ［用于建议停止做某 事］停下，算了
    lay off—he's not going to tell you.
    算了，他不会告诉你的。
lay someone off
  1. discharge a worker temporarily or permanently because of a shortage of work; make someone redundant
    解雇，使下岗
lay something off
  1. (chiefly Soccer)pass the ball to a teammate who can make progress with it
    (主英足)传球
  2. paint the final layer on a wall or other surface, so as to give a smooth finish
    （墙面等）刷最后一层涂料，抛光
  3. (of a bookmaker) insure against a loss resulting from a large bet by placing a similar bet with another bookmaker
    （赌马）另下赌注，两头下注
lay something on
  1. (chiefly Brit.)provide a service or amenity
    (主英)提供服务（或设施）
    the council provides a grant to lay on a bus.
    市政会出资提供公交车。
lay someone out
  1. prepare someone for burial after death
    （为死者）装殓
  2. (informal)knock someone unconscious
    (非正式)打昏
    he was lucky that the punch didn't lay him out.
    他很幸运，那一拳没有把他打昏。
lay something out
  1. spread something out to its full extent, especially so that it can be seen
    （尤指为检查）摊开
    the police were insisting that suitcases should be opened and their contents laid out.
    警察坚持要打开手提箱，让里面东西一目了然。
  2. construct or arrange buildings or gardens according to a plan
    按照规划建造
    they proceeded to lay out a new town.
    他们开始规划建造新城。
    ■arrange and present material for printing and publication
    （印刷，出版）设计版面
    the brochure is beautifully laid out.
    小册子版面设计精美。
    ■explain something clearly and carefully
    阐明，解释清楚
    we need a paper laying out our priorities.
    我们需要一份报纸来阐明我方优先考虑之事。
  3. (informal)spend a sum of money
    (非正式)花一笔钱
    look at the money I had to lay out for your uniform.
    看看我给你买队服要花的钱。
lay over
  1. (US)break one's journey
    (美)中断 旅程
lay up
  1. (Golf)hit the ball deliberately to a lesser distance than possible, typically in order to avoid a hazard
    (高尔夫)（尤指为避免障碍物）故意近击
lay someone up
  1. put someone out of action through illness or injury
    （疾病，受伤）使躺倒
    he was laid up with his familiar fever.
    他常犯的发烧使他病倒了。
lay something up
  1. 见lay something in
  2. take a ship or other vehicle out of service
    停开（船等）
    our boats were laid up during the winter months.
    我们的船在冬季停开。
  3. assemble plies or layers in the arrangement required for the manufacture of plywood or other laminated material
    （造胶合板等时）叠加板层
lay2
adjective
[attrib.]
  1. not ordained into or belonging to the clergy
    世俗的，在俗的
    a lay preacher.
    在俗传教士。
  2. not having professional qualifications or expert knowledge, especially in law or medicine
    （尤指法学、医学）外行的，界外的
    a lay member of the Health Authority.
    卫生机构中的非专业成员。
语源
  1. Middle English: from Old French lai, via late Latin from Greek laïkos, from laos 'people'. Compare with laic
lay3
noun
  1. a short lyric or narrative poem meant to be sung
    （演唱用）短抒情（或叙事）诗
    ■(poetic/literary)a song
    (诗／文)歌
    on his lips there died the cheery lay.
    那曲欢快的歌在他口唇上消逝。
语源
  1. Middle English: from Old French lai, corresponding to Provençal lais, of unknown origin
lay4
  1. past of lie
    lie的过去式
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