neandertal

neandertal

1. A short, fossilized femur from a 38,000-year-old Neandertal could lead to the first full genome sequence for the closest relative of Homo sapiens.

3万8000年前，尼安德塔人遗留的一根短小大腿骨化石，让科学家有机会得到这种现代智人近亲的第一份完整基因组序列。

2. Neandertal remains from Spain had a version of a gene known as FOXP2 that is identical to one in humans that is involved with the development of speech and language.

不过在去年11月，帕波和他的团队曾提出两个人科物种的一项相似处：于西班牙出土的尼安德塔人有一个基因叫FOXP2，与人类掌管说话和语言发展的基因型式完全相同。

3. States transformed the study of this ancient human by sequencing more than 1 million bases of Neandertal DNA.

今年是发现穴居人（尼安德特人，尼人）标本150周年，研究者在欧洲和美国开始通过超过1百万碱基对的穴居人DNA测序，来研究此种古人类。

4. Because copies of nuclear genes are likely to be very rare in Neandertal bones, finding them is probably beyond the reach of present-day technology.

因为这些核基因的复本在尼安德塔人的骨头中似乎很少见，所以要在他们的身上发现这些，大概还不是今日科技所能达到。

5. A preliminary draft of the full Neandertal genome is in the works.

完整的尼安德特人基因草图仍在进行中。

6. New, still unpublished work reveals that the Neandertal Y chromosome differs from the human one.

尚未发表的新近研究显示，尼安德塔人的Y染色体与人类不同。

7. The Neandertal DNA sequence falls outside the variation range found in humans today.

尼安德特人DNA序列不在人类已知的序列变化范围之内。

8. Such a late shift underscores the uniqueness of human childbirth and the divergent evolution ary trajectories of Neandertal s and the lineage leading to present-day human s.

此前的研究提示，人类分娩的机制是直立行走和分娩大尺寸大脑的婴儿的进化压力造成的。

9. The researchers used radiocarbon dating on 22 pieces of microscopic charcoal found among Neandertal tools in fire pits in Gorham Cave.

研究者们使用放射性碳方法为在山洞中发现的22片木炭确定年代.

10. In contrast, the human and neandertal samples had significantly higher dental FA levels than any of the great ape samples.

而与之相反的是,智人与尼安德特人样本的牙齿 FA 水平要显著高于其它任何一种巨猿样本的 FA 水平。

11. Indeed, the next oldest skeleton of a juvenile that is comparably intact is a Neandertal baby dating to around 50,000 years ago.

这麽完整的儿童骨架化石，只有距今五万年前的一个尼安德塔小孩比得上。