pragmatics
pragmatics
1. In 1959, Rudolf Carnap explained that pragmatics referred to the relationships between signs and their users.
1959年卡耐普指出了语用学是指符号和符号的使用者的关系。
2. Since 1960s, with the development of modern linguistics, pragmatics and psycholinguistics, many researches on language have been inclined from theoretical studies to practical ones.
20世纪60年代开始，随着现代语言学，语用学和心理语言学的发展，许多语言的研究开始由理论研究转为实证研究。
3. The notion of speech act and the speech act theory proposed by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969) have made great contributions to the development of pragmatics.
Austin(1962年)与Searle(1969年)提出的言语行为概念与理论为语用学的发展作出了十分突出的贡献。
4. Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson have proposed relevance theory in 1986, which is viewed as the theoretical foundation of cognitive pragmatics.
Dan Sperber 和Deirdre Wison1986 年在其论著《关联性:交际与认知》中提出了关联理论,被认为是认知语用学的理论基础。
5. Linguistic Adaptation Theory is proposed by Jef Verschueren, a Belgian linguist, in his systematic and comprehensive monograph Understanding Pragmatics.
Verschueren提出的语用理论,他的著作Understanding Pragmatics一书系统而全面地阐释了这个理想。
6. "Polite Speech" is one of the most important principles in the research of Pragmatics.
“礼貌原则”是语用学中研究的最重要的原则之一。
7. The strategy shown in the above-mentioned example of the false preset of pragmatics is called "make out something from the void", that is to fabricates an unconfirmed message by the speaker and disposes it as the preset of pragmatics.
上例中体现的虚假语用预设策略是“无中生有”，也就是发话者杜撰一个不能肯定其真假性的信息做语用预设。
8. The review and application mainly concern phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, SFL, cognitive linguistics, and discourse analysis.
主要内容包括对语音学、音韵学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、以及功能语言学、认知语言学和话语分析理论的综述和各个理论的对应应用。
9. His research has been focused on pragmatics and cognitive linguistics, with the publications of 2 monographs and more than100 academic theses.
主要研究语用学和认知语言学，出版专著2部，发表论文100余篇。
10. As a matter of fact, the false preset of pragmatics is a common occurrence in the daily life, and that had brought forward many lively, interesting and witty colors for us in our study, work and life.
事实上，虚假语用预设在日常生活中屡见不鲜，并且为我们的学习、工作和生活增添了不少生动、有趣和睿智的色彩。
11. In addition, the author adduces his idea of the future study of pragmatics in China.
从引进、介绍到语用理论的应用研究，再到汉语语用的独立研究，展示了中国语用学的发展道路。
12. From the pragmatics, "Nage" can make the language implicit, appropriate and economical."Nage" can also express the speaker's emotion.
从语用功能上来看，“那个”能使用语含蓄、得体和用语经济，能表达说话人的某种情感。
13. From the perspective of pragmatics, the problem is not a paradox unsolvable.
从语用学的角度看,直译和意译的矛盾是可以解决的;
14. Analysis of English Euphemism from Pragmatics'View
从语用学角度分析英语委婉语
15. Pragmatics provides a new perspective to examine the relationship between causative and transitive constructions in Japanese.
从语用的角度探讨日语使动句式和他动词句式的关系问题是一个新视角。
16. His answer was built on this false preset of pragmatics.
他的回答正是建立在这一虚假语用预设上的。
17. For the further understanding of and adroitly utilization of the false preset of pragmatics, we must conduct more extensive studies.
但要想深入理解和灵活运用虚假语用预设,还有待我们做进一步的研究。
18. Levinson, S. C. 1983. Pragmatics [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
何兆熊,2000,新编语用学概要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社.
19. Green,G.1989,Pragmatics and National Langue Understanding[M].LEA publisher,Hillsdale,NJ.
何兆熊.新编语用学概要[M].上海外语教育出版社,2000.
20. Ho, Jih-Ching (Ed). (1999). Hope in place of knowledge: The pragmatics tradition in philosophy, by Richard Rorty. Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.
何志青(1995)。《第四届美国文学与思想研讨会论文选集：哲学篇》，何志青、洪裕宏（编）。台北市：中央研究院欧美研究所。
21. Barron,A.Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics:Learning how to do things with words in study abroad context.[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamin's Publishing Company.2003.
何自然.语用学与英语学习[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997.杨文慧.正负语用迁移与外语语用效应问题探析[J].华南理工大学学报,2004(4).
22. Blakemore,D.2002.Relevance and Meaning:The Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse Markers.New York:Cambridge University Press.
何自然编著.语用学与英语学习[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.
23. Based on the framework of OT pragmatics,the article analyzes the distinction between explicature and implicature by virture of the global and rational principle concerning linguistic communication.
依据优选论语用学有关言语交际整体的、理性的原则,分析了明示意义与隐含意义的差异。
24. Simultaneously Rhetorics and Pragmatics are overlapping, both involve the accureacy and adaptability of the use of language in society.
修辞学与语用学是相通的，它们都涉及到社会中语言使用的准确性与合适性。
25. Especially Relevance Theory of pragmatics succeeded in relating the received message to the hearer"s cognitive context.
值得注意的是，语用学的关联理论从认知语用的层面去探寻接收到的信息与听者认知语境之间的最佳关联。
26. Relevance theory shifts the key point of pragmatics from utterance production to utterance understanding and points out that language communication is an ostensive-inferential process.
关联理论指出话语交际是明示-推理的过程,交际的目的是求得最佳关联,获得交际者意图的语境效果。
27. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicography, semantics, syntax, pragmatics, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, copus linguistics, styliitcs, computational linguistics...
其实语言学里面的分支很多，xiaoluer 说的只是一些而已。
28. The character-using system ranks secondly, the semeiology and especially the idea of pragmatics in it deserve us having a research.
其次是用字系统，其中的符号学尤其是语用学思想值得总结。
29. Abstract|:As an important element of pragmatics, deixis plays the role of relating utterance with its context.
内容提要： 指示语是语用学的一个重要组成部分。话语和语境的联系就是通过指示语完成的。
30. Abstract|: As an important element of pragmatics, deixis plays the role of relating utterance with its context.
内容提要：指示语是语用学的一个重要组成部分。话语和语境的联系就是通过指示语完成的。
31. Wilson, D. &D. Sperber. 1991. “Pragmatics and modularity” [A]. In Steven Davis (1991) Pragmatics: A Reader [C]. Oxford University Press.
冉永平，2001，“认知语用学诠释与思考”[A]，第7届全国语用学研讨会论文，苏州大学。
32. We discuss the syntactical structures and pragmatics features of the four kinds of the exclamatory structure :“zhe/na NP”, “ni (zhe) ge NP”, “zhe me/na me AP/VP”and “shen me NP”.
分析了“这/那NP”、“你（这）个NP”、“这么/那么AP/VP”以及“什么NP”四个感叹结构的句法功能、语用特点；
33. Jef Verschueren. (2000).Understanding Pragmatics[M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
刘醒吾.经贸英语口语[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1994.
34. Even though there is no change in every words in a proposition, the preset of pragmatics shall change as long as the focus of sentence changes.
即使命题中的每一个词都不变,只要语句焦点变了,语用预设也会跟着变化。
35. Lots of examples are cited to show that different syntactic structures form the basis of ambiguity, and polysemous phenomena in semantics and pragmatics provide the possibility of ambiguity.
句法多义及多层次性是歧义产生的基础，语义上的多义为歧义的产生提供了条件，而语用则为歧义提供成立的依据及多种解释的可能性及合理性。
36. Different syntactic structures form the basis of ambiguity, polysemous phenomenon in semantics and pragmatics provides the condition for and the possibility of the existence of ambiguity.
句法多义及多层次性是歧义产生的基础，语义上的多义为歧义的产生提供了条件，而语用则为歧义提供成立的依据及多种解释的可能性和合理性。
37. To these ends, the paper argues that metonymic usage be examined within the overall framework of reference and analyzed in the light of cognitive pragmatics.
另一方面，传统修辞对“转喻”用法的修辞性解释过于简单化、单一化，说服力不够。
38. Cooperative Principle (CP) is one of the core ideas in Pragmatics which is significant in guiding verbal communication in the living world.
合作原则是语用学的核心内容之一,对生活世界的话语交际研究具有重要的指导意义。
39. Meanwhile, DRT offers important enlightenments to the development of formal pragmatics.
同时,DRT也为形式语用学的发展起到了重要的启示作用。
40. Levinson, S. C. 2001. Pragmatics [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
周礼全,1994,逻辑--正确思维与有效交际的理论[M].北京:人民出版社.
41. Universal Pragmatics is the base of the complex theory of Communicative Action.
哈贝马斯的普遍语用学是其体系庞繁的交往行动理论的基础。
42. Thus we propose the Appropriateness Principle to explain all kinds of communication from the perspectives of pragmatics, rhetoric and speech communication studies.
因此，我们从言语交际学、语用学和修辞学的角度提出了能解释各种类型言语交际的“恰当原则”。
43. In pragmatics, they both have Dayton dang information, additional information and a euphemism to express information.
在是否有指代语义和语义是否自足这两点上，则是两者的语义不同。
44. In the modern linguistics field, context is such an important concept that it has been studied from the perspectives of sociolinguistics, semantics, pragmatics, to name just a few.
在现代语言学领域，语境的地位和价值日益重要。
45. There is implication in the pure scientific text, which is expressed by the means of grammar, vocabulary, semantics, context and pragmatics.
在纯科学篇章中也存在隐含意义,具有语法、词汇、语义、语言上下文和语用表达手段。
46. In the field of pragmatics, Grice"s theory of Conversational Implicature and Sperber and Wilson"s Relevance Theory provide us with two different perspectives to understand metaphor.
在语用学中，格赖斯的会话含义理论与斯珀伯与威尔逊的关联理论为我们分析隐喻的含义提供了新思路。
47. Workshop presentations and discussions will center on various issues in teaching CSL, with special reference to phonology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics and other aspects of linguistic theories.
在语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学等不同层面探讨语言学理论与语言教学之间的关系及有关问题。
48. We think, his theory mainly produce the positive profound influence to the formation of the Speech Acts theory and Family Iconicity theory and the development of pragmatics.
它主要对后来的言语行为理论和家族相似性理论的形成以及语用学的大力发展产生了积极深远的影响。
49. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning, the context of use is considered.
它们的本质区别在于研究意义时是否考虑了语言使用的语境。
50. The use of ostensive definition presupposes the presence of its user, which means that the interpretation of linguistic meaning is a fusion of pragmatics and semantics.
实指定义的使用预设使用者的在场，这意味着意义的解释是语用学与语义学的交融。
51. By smartly utilizing the false preset of pragmatics, it is sometime possible to reach a special pragmatic effect and bring about a pleasing moment for us.
巧妙运用虚假语用预设,往往可以达到某种特殊的语用效果,常给我们带来开心的一刻。
52. We might as well conduct some concrete analysis and studies of the false preset of pragmatics from these angles.
我们不妨从这几个角度来对虚假语用预设进行具体分析和探讨。
53. To sum up, reduplication of adjectives in Southern Min has relevance not only to morphology and syntax but also to semantics and pragmatics.
我们的结论是：闽南语形容词的重叠现象，不仅与构词学及句法学有关，并且也牵涉到语意学及语用学的研究。
54. My background for addressing these questions will be transcendental (universal) pragmatics and discourse ethics as I understand them.
我处理这些问题的背景是我所理解的先验的（普遍的）语用学和商谈伦理学。
55. When the B heard the second sentence, he was misled by the preset of pragmatics from the“ implication” and mouthed out the“ mouse” without a second thinking.
所以乙在听到甲的第二句问话时，出于由“暗示”得来的语用预设，他脱口而出的是自以为是的“老鼠”。
56. Refusals are frequently performed in our daily lives, and the speech act of refusals is onesignificant research topic in Pragmatics.
拒绝在日常生活中的交往中经常被使用,拒绝言语行为是语用学研究的重要课题。
57. The inferential model is suggested with deepening of people's insight into meaning and the birth of pragmatics.
推理模式是随着人们对意义认识的加深和语用学的诞生而提出来的,其重心是对暗含的推导。
58. The goal of inferential pragmatics is to explain how the hearer infers the speaker's meaning on the basis of the evidence provided.
推理语用学的目的就是解释听者如何根据证据推断说话者要表达的意思。
59. Abstract :In linguistics, grammar, semantics, and pragmatics study the relation among symbols, themeaning of spoken, and the im-plication (themeaning between the lines) respectively.
摘 要 :在语言学中,语法学、语义学和语用学分别研究符号之间的关系,符号自身的含义(言内之义),以及语言使用者的意向(言外之义)。
60. Abstract： The proposal of Relevance Theory put forth by Sperber&Wilson has introduced new angles of pragmatics and cognition into the study of translation.
摘 要： 通过对赵彦春提出的关联理论翻译模式的分析，提出该理论中的关联部分对译者进行翻译工作的指导作用。
61. Abstract: Pragmatics, as a new science, is an important branch of linguistics.
摘要:语用作为一门新兴学科,是语言学的重要分枝。
62. Abstract:Pragmatics is the study of language activity with intention aswell as a powerful tool for the research into literary language characteristics.
摘要:语用学是对有目的的语言活动的研究,也是研究文学语言特征的有力工具。
63. Based on pragmatics, though the pronoun "qi" in the third person singular can be used sometimes to refer to the speaker, "I", it cannot be translated into "I".
摘要从语用学的角度分析，第三人称代词“其”虽然有时在句子中实指发话人“我”，但是不能翻译成“我”。
64. From the angle of pragmatics, the thesis reviews and analyzes the unique composing way of neologism and pragmatic characteristics of neologism.
摘要从语用学的角度考察和分析，新词语具有独特的色彩构成方式和语用特点。
65. Since advanced by Sperber and Wilson in 1986, Relevance Theory has exerted great influence in western pragmatics.
摘要关联理论自1986年提出以来，在西方语用学界产生了广泛的影响。
66. It was in ancient times that the thought of pedagogical pragmatics began to gestate and form.
摘要古代是教学语用学思想的孕育和形成时期。
67. Interlanguage can be approached from several points of view, such as pragmatics, second language learning and sociolinguistics.
摘要当前对语际语的研究可谓五花八门，对于其归属问题，不同学派有不同的观点。
68. Deixis play an important role in pragmatics.
摘要指示是语用学研究的一个重要课题。
69. Universal Pragmatics, proposed by Habermas, one of the most famous philosophers in modern times, is the basis and important promise of the Theory of Intercourse.
摘要普遍语用学是当代伟大哲学家哈贝马斯创立的著名的交往行为理论研究的重要前提和基础。
70. From 1970s, code-switching has aroused the interest of numerous linguists and thus it has been studied thoroughly from the point of view of sociolinguistics approach, pragmatics as well as psychology.
摘要自20世纪70年代以来，语码转换一直是语言学家普遍关注的问题。他们从心理语言学及语用学等不同的角度来研究语码转换。
71. English garden-path sentence misguides people's understanding in terms of such aspects as syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
摘要英语“花园路径句”给人们造成理解上的路径误导，它涉及多层面的因素，诸如：句法、语义和语用等方面。
72. Passive voice is commonly used in medical English. This article analyses the passive voice from the following aspects: varieties, pragmatics, vagueness, teaching and learning.
摘要被动语态在医学英语中应用广泛。本文试从被动语态的语体、语用、表现形式、模糊性及教学等方面做一比较全面的论述。
73. Lexical pragmatics is a rapidly developing branch of linguistics that investigates the processes in which linguistically specified word meanings are modified in use.
摘要词汇语用学是语用学界发展迅速的一个分支学科，它以词汇层面为基础，对词汇意义进行动态研究。
74. Analogous affix is a very important part of modem Chinese lexicology.As a kind of linguistic phenomenon, it concerns semantics and pragmatics alike of linguistics.
摘要词语词缀化发展是近来现代汉语词汇学中的一个重要现象。
75. The understanding of covert intentions of discourse which lacks specific discussion in pragmatics is a difficult and focal point of discourse understanding.
摘要话语隐性意图的理解是话语理解的难点和重点，语用学理论对此也缺乏具体讨论。
76. The Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in pragmatics are applied in not only oral communication but also written communication.
摘要语用学中的合作原则与礼貌原则并非只在口语交际中适用，同样也适用于书面交流。
77. Pragmatics, namely, practical study of linguistics, is a specialized subject that studies how a language is used and comprehended in a certain context.
摘要语用学即语言实用学，是研究语言在特定语境中如何理解和运用的专门学科。
78. Pragmatics and cognitive linguistics provide different perspectives for irony study.
摘要语用学和认知语言学为反语的研究提供了不同的视角。
79. Discourse Theory associated with its abstract and general applicability to a wide range of pragmatics research provides a framework for the system.
摘要语篇关联理论以其抽象的概括性与广泛的适用性为语用学的研究提供了系统的框架。
80. Human subjective choice has contributed to the coming into being of quantifiers including Chinese quantifiers which have their own unique rhetorical function in terms of pragmatics.
摘要语言中计量单位词的产生有人的主观选择活动的参与，汉语量词在语用上具有鲜明的修辞功用，它的产生也具有人的主观选择性。
