rack

rack¹
noun

a framework, typically with rails, bars, hooks, or pegs, for holding or storing things
（尤指设有横杆、横木、挂钩或挂钉的）架子，挂架，支架，搁架
a spice rack.
调味品架。
a letter rack.
信函架。
■an overhead shelf on a coach, train, or plane for stowing luggage
（长途汽车、火车或飞机的）行李架
■a vertically barred frame for holding animal fodder
栅条式草料饲槽，喂草架
a hay rack.
喂干草的架子。
■(N. Amer.)a set of antlers
(北美)一对鹿角
■(N. Amer. informal)a bed
(北美，非正式)床
a cogged or toothed bar or rail engaging with a wheel or pinion, or using pegs to adjust the position of something
齿条，齿轨
a steering rack.
掌舵齿条。
(the rack)(historical)an instrument of torture consisting of a frame on which the victim was stretched by turning rollers to which the wrists and ankles were tied
(史)肢刑架（一种以转轮牵拉四肢的刑具）
a triangular structure for positioning the balls in pool
（用来固定台球位置的）三角框。比较frame（义项5）
■a single game of pool
一局台球比赛
a digital effects unit for a guitar or other instrument, typically giving many different sounds
教学音响效果装置（使用吉他等乐器）

verb
[with obj.]

(亦作wrack)(常作be racked)cause extreme physical or mental pain to; subject to extreme stress
使遭受剧烈痛苦，折磨；使受极端压力
he was racked with guilt.
他深受内疚煎熬。
■(historical)torture (someone) on the rack
(史)对…施以肢刑
[with obj. and adverbial of place]place in or on a rack
把…放在架子里（或架子上）
the shoes were racked neatly beneath the dresses.
架子上鞋子整洁地摆放在衣服下。
■[with obj.]put (pool balls) in a rack
把（台球）摆成三角形
move by a rack and pinion
用齿条及小齿轮传动
(chiefly archaic)raise (rent) above a fair or normal amount
(主古)把（租金）不合理地提高。参见rack rent
■oppress (a tenant) by exacting excessive rent
（通过索要过多租金）欺压（租户）

常用词组
go to rack (或 wrack) and ruin

gradually deteriorate in condition because of neglect; fall into disrepair. wreak
走向毁灭，弄得一团糟；陷入失修状态

off the rack

on the rack

rack (或 wrack) one's brains (或 brain)

语源

Middle English: from Middle Dutch rec, Middle Low German rek 'horizontal bar or shelf', probably from recken 'to stretch, reach' (possibly the source of sense 1 of the verb)

用法

The relationship between the forms rack and wrack is complicated. The most common noun sense of rack ‘a framework for holding and storing things ’is always spelled rack, never wrack. The figurative senses of the verb, deriving from the type of torture in which someone is stretched on a rack, can, however, be spelled either rack or wrack: thus racked with guilt or wracked with guilt; rack your brains or wrack your brains the bank was racked by internal division or the bank was wracked by internal division. In addition, the phrase rack and ruin can also be spelled wrack and ruin. In the contexts mentioned here as having the variant wrack, rack is always the commoner spelling

继承用法
rack something up

accumulate or achieve something, typically a score or amount
积累；取得（某物，尤指得分，数量）
Japan is racking up record trade surpluses with the United States.
日本与美国的贸易顺差正在创新高。

rack²
noun

a horse's gait in which both hoofs on either side in turn are lifted almost simultaneously, and all four hoofs are off the ground together at certain moments
伸长快步（指马侧蹄几乎同时依次抬起、四踢偶尔同时离地的步态）

verb

[no obj., with adverbial of direction](of a horse) move with such a gait
（马）伸长快步跑，轻快小跑
(rack off)[in imperative](Austral./NZ)(informal)go away
(澳/新西兰，非正式)走开，离去

语源

rack³
noun

语源

rack⁴
verb

[with obj.]draw off (wine, beer, etc.) from the sediment in the barrel
（从酒桶渣滓中）抽取（葡萄酒，啤酒等）
the wine is racked off into large oak casks.
葡萄酒被抽吸进大橡木桶里。

语源

late 15th cent.: from Provençal arracar, from raca 'stems and husks of grapes, dregs'

rack⁵
noun

verb

[no obj., with adverbial of direction](archaic)(of a cloud) be driven before the wind
(古)（云）随风飘动

语源

Middle English (denoting a rush or collision): probably of Scandinavian origin: compare with Norwegian and Swedish dialect rak 'wreckage', from reka 'to drive'

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