refractory

refractory
adjective
(formal)(正式)
  1. stubborn or unmanageable
    倔强的；难驾驭的
    his refractory pony.
    他那匹桀骜不驯的马驹。
  2. resistant to a process or stimulus
    耐刺激的
    some granules arerefractory tosecretory stimuli.
    有些小粒是耐分泌性刺激的。
    ■(Medicine)(of a person, illness, or diseased tissue) not yielding to treatment
    (医)（人、疾病或病态组织）对治疗无反应的，难治的
    healing of previously refractory ulcers.
    治愈先前对治疗无反应的溃疡。
    ■(Medicine, rare)(of a person or animal) resistant to infection
    (医 罕)（人或动物）抗感染的，不易感染的
    ■(technical)(of a substance) resistant to heat; hard to melt or fuse
    (技)（物质）耐高温的；难熔炼的
(pl. -ies)
  1. (technical)a substance that is resistant to heat
    (技)耐高温材料
派生
refractoriness
noun
语源
  1. early 17th cent.: alteration of obsolete refractary, from Latin refractarius 'stubborn' (see also refract)
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