rough

rough
adjective

having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level
（表面）不平滑的；不平整的，不平坦的
take a square of sandpaper, rough side out.
取一张方形砂纸，不光滑的那面朝外。
■(of ground or terrain) having many bumps or other obstacles; difficult to cross
（地面，地形）高低不平的，崎岖的；难通行的，难以穿越的
they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground.
他们得运送受害者穿过崎岖的石头地面。
■not soft to the touch
粗的，粗糙的
her skin felt dry and rough.
她的皮肤摸起来又干又粗。
■(of a voice) coming out with difficulty so as to sound harsh and rasping
（声音）粗哑的，刺耳的，不悦耳的
his voice was rough with barely suppressed fury.
他的声音因难以压抑的怒火而听上去很刺耳。
■(of wine or another alcoholic drink) sharp or harsh in taste
（酒）涩味的；烈性的
■denoting the face of a tennis or squash racket on which the loops formed from the stringing process project (used as a call when the racket is spun to decide the right to serve first or to choose ends)
（网球或软式墙网球拍）粗面的，反面的（用作呼语，比赛开始前转动球拍，以确定何方先发球或何方可优先选择半场）
(of a person or their behaviour) not gentle; violent or boisterous
（人或其行为）粗鲁的；粗暴的；粗野的；粗俗的
pushchairs should be capable of withstanding rough treatment.
幼儿推车必须能够经得起剧烈折腾。
■(of an area or occasion) characterized by or notorious for the occurrence of violent behaviour
（地方，场合）混乱的；暴乱的
the workmen hate going to the rough estates.
工人们不喜欢到秩序混乱的庄园去。
■(of the sea) having large and dangerous waves
（海浪）汹涌的
the lifeboat crew braved rough seas to rescue a couple.
救生船船员冒着汹涌的海浪救一对夫妇。
■(of weather) wild and stormy
（天气）有暴风雨的
■(informal)difficult and unpleasant
(非正式)难受的；不愉快的
the teachers gave me a rough time because my image didn't fit.
由于我的形象不符合要求，老师们让我吃了点苦头。
■(Brit., informal)hard; severe
(英，非正式)艰难的，艰巨的；严峻的
the first day of a job is rough on everyone.
开始工作的第一天对于每个人都很艰难。
■[as complement](informal)unwell
(非正式)（身体）不舒服的，生病的
the altitude had hit her and she was feeling rough.
海拔高度使她感到不舒服。
■[as complement](informal)depressed and anxious
(非正式)沮丧的，消沉的；焦虑的
when he's feeling rough, he comes and talks things over to calm him down.
当他感到焦虑不安时，他会过来把事情彻底地议一下使自己平静下来。
not finished tidily or decoratively; plain and basic
未完成的；未加工的；粗制的；简易的；基本的
the customers sat at rough wooden tables.
顾客们坐在粗制的木桌旁。
■put together without the proper materials or skill; makeshift
粗制的；临时代用的
he had one arm in a rough sling.
他的一只手臂绑了条临时代用的吊带。
■(of hair or fur) not well cared for or tidy
（毛发）粗硬的；蓬乱的
the creature's body was covered with rough hair.
这只动物的身子上覆盖着乱蓬蓬的毛。
■lacking sophistication or refinement
粗俗的；不讲究的
she took care of him in her rough, kindly way.
她照顾他虽不考究但很体贴。
■not worked out or correct in every detail
初步的；粗率的；粗略的
he had a rough draft of his new novel.
他的新小说写了个初稿。
■(of stationery) used or designed to be used for making preliminary notes
（文具）用以打草稿的
rough paper.
稿纸。

adverb

(informal)in a manner that lacks gentleness; harshly or violently
(非正式)粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地；粗野地
treat 'em rough but treat 'em fair.
要粗暴但公正地对待他们。

noun

(chiefly Brit.)a disreputable and violent person
(主英)名声不好的人；不诚实的人；粗人，莽汉；流氓；暴徒
[mass noun](on a golf course) longer grass around the fairway and the green
（高尔夫球场上设在平坦球道和球穴区周围的）深草区
his second shot was in the rough on the left.
他的第二击是在左边的深草区。
a preliminary sketch for a design
草样，草图
I did a rough to work out the scale of the lettering.
我画了张草图来确定刻印字的大小。
an uncut precious stone
未加工的宝石

verb
[with obj.]

work or shape (something) in a rough, preliminary fashion
粗制，对…粗加工
flat surfaces of wood are roughed down.
木头平平的表面被粗刨了。
■(rough something out)produce a preliminary and unfinished sketch or version of something
草拟；画…的轮廓；拟出…的梗概
the engineer roughed out a diagram on his notepad.
工程师在笔记本上草拟了个图表。
■make uneven or ruffled
使不平；弄皱；把…弄毛糙
rough up the icing with a palette knife.
用调色刀把（蛋糕上的）糖霜弄得凹凸不平。
the water was roughed by the wind.
水被风吹起了涟漪。
(rough it)live in discomfort with only basic necessities
因陋就简地生活
she had had to rough it alone in digs.
她不得不在寄宿舍里独自因陋就简地生活。

常用词组
bit of rough

(informal)a male sexual partner whose toughness or lack of sophistication is a source of attraction
(非正式)（以强壮和粗犷吸引人的）男性性伙伴

in the rough

in a natural state; without decoration or other treatment
自然状态的；未加工的；原始的；粗糙的
a diamond in the rough.
一个未经琢磨的钻石。
in difficulties
在困境中
even before the recession hit, the project was in the rough.
甚至在遭受经济衰退袭击之前，这个项目已经处于困境了。

rough and ready

crude but effective
粗糙但有效的，粗糙但尚能顶用的
a rough-and-ready estimating method.
一种粗糙但切实的估计方法。
■(of a person or place) unsophisticated or unrefined
（人）不懂世故的；粗俗的；粗犷的；（地方）简陋的

rough around the edges

having a few imperfections
有缺点的，有瑕疵的

rough as bags

(Austral./NZ informal)lacking refinement; coarse
(澳／新西兰，非正式)缺少教养的；粗鄙的；鄙俗的

the rough edge (或side) of one's tongue

a scolding
痛骂；辱骂
you two stop quarrelling or you'll get the rough edge of my tongue.
你们俩别争吵了，否则你们要挨我的痛骂。

rough edges

small imperfections in someone or something that is basically satisfactory
小的瑕疵

rough justice

treatment that is not scrupulously fair or in accordance with the law
大致公平合理的处置

rough passage

a journey over rough sea
波涛汹涌的航程
■a difficult process of achieving something or of becoming successful
艰难的历程
the rough passage faced by the legislation.
立法所面临的艰难历程。

a rough ride

a difficult time or experience
艰难时期；艰难进程；艰难经历
rebel shareholders are expected to give officials a rough ride.
反叛的股东预计要把高级行政人员折腾一番。

rough stuff

boisterous or violent behaviour
喧闹的行为；粗鲁的行为，暴力行为

sleep rough

(Brit.)sleep in uncomfortable conditions, typically out of doors
(英)睡得难受（尤指露宿）

take the rough with the smooth

accept the difficult or unpleasant aspects of life as well as the good
既能享乐也能吃苦；好事和坏事都受得了

派生
roughish
adjective
roughness
noun
语源

Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh

继承用法
rough someone up

(informal)beat someone up
(非正式)用暴力对待，向…动粗；狠揍

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