shadow

shadow
noun

a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface
阴影，背光处；影子
trees cast long shadows.
树投射出长长的影子。
■[mass noun]partial or complete darkness, especially as produced in this way.
（尤指阴影形成的）阴暗，黑暗
the north side of the cathedral was deep in shadow.
大教堂的北面一片阴暗。
a stranger slowly approached from the shadows.
一个陌生人从阴暗处慢慢走近。
■[mass noun]the shaded part of a picture.
（图画的）阴影区，暗部
■a dark patch or area on a surface.
（表面的）黑块，阴暗区域
there are dark shadows beneath your eyes.
你下眼圈有黑晕。
■a region of opacity on a radiograph.
（射线照片上的）阴影
shadows on his lungs.
他肺部的阴影。
■short for eyeshadow.
eyeshadow的简称
(figurative)used in reference to proximity, ominous oppressiveness, or sadness and gloom
(喻)阴影（指临近，不祥的压抑感，悲伤和忧郁）
the shadow of war fell across Europe.
战争的阴影笼罩了欧洲。
only one shadow lay over Sally's life.
萨丽生活中只有一小片阴影。
■used in reference to something insubstantial or fleeting.
幻影（表示虚幻或短暂）
a freedom that was more shadow than substance.
虚幻而无实质内容的自由。
■used in reference to a position of relative inferiority or obscurity.
阴影（表示地位低或默默无闻）
he lived in the shadow of his father.
他生活在父亲的阴影中。
■[with negative]the slightest trace of something.
丝毫
she knew without a shadow of a doubt that he was lying.
她万分清楚他是在撒谎。
■a weak or inferior remnant or version of something.
残余；痕迹
this fine-looking, commanding man had become a shadow of his former self.
这位英俊威严的男子衰弱得不成样子了。
■an expression of perplexity or sadness.
茫然；悲伤
a shadow crossed Maria's face.
玛丽亚脸上掠过一丝忧郁。
an inseparable attendant or companion
形影不离的伴侣；追随者
her faithful shadow, a Yorkshire terrier called Heathcliffe.
她形影不离的忠实伴侣，一只叫希斯克里夫的约克郡㹴。
■a person secretly following and observing another.
暗地跟踪者，尾随者；钉梢的人
■a person that accompanies someone in their daily activities at work in order to gain experience at or insight into a job.
（跟随别人学习的）实习生
■[usu. as modifier](Brit.)the opposition counterpart of a government minister.
(英)影子内阁大臣
the shadow Chancellor.
影子内阁大臣。

verb
[with obj.]

(常作 be shadowed)envelop in shadow; cast a shadow over
被…阴影笼罩；投阴影于
the market is shadowed by St Margaret's church.
市场被圣玛格丽特教堂的影子笼罩着。
a hood shadowed her face.
风帽使她的脸处在阴影里。
follow and observe (someone) closely and typically secretly
暗地跟踪，尾随；钉…的梢
he had been up all night shadowing a team of poachers.
他整晚上都没睡，一直在暗地跟踪一伙偷猎者。
■(Brit.)(of an opposition politician) be the counterpart of (a government minister or a ministry).
(英)（反对党成员）担任影子内阁大臣
■accompany (someone) in their daily activities at work in order to gain experience at or insight into a job.
跟随…工作，当…实习生（以取得经验或了解某工作）

习惯用语
be frightened of one's shadow

be very timid or nervous
极其胆小，极其紧张

wear oneself to a shadow

completely exhaust oneself through overwork
（因过度劳累）使自己精疲力竭

派生
shadower
noun
shadowless
adjective
语源

Old English scead(u)we (noun), oblique case of sceadu (see shade), sceadwian 'screen or shield from attack', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch schaduw and German Schatten (nouns), from an Indo-European root shared by Greek skotos 'darkness'.

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