shell

shell
noun

the hard protective outer case of a mollusc or crustacean
（软体或甲壳纲动物的）壳
cowrie shells.
宝贝壳。
[mass noun]the technique of carving shell.
壳雕技术。
■the thin outer covering of an animal's egg, which is hard and fragile in that of a bird but leathery in that of a reptile
蛋壳
■the outer case of a nut kernel or seed
果壳；荚
■the carapace of a tortoise, turtle, or terrapin
甲鱼壳，龟甲
■the wing cases of a beetle
（甲虫的）鞘翅
■the integument of an insect pupa or chrysalis
（蛹或茧的）外皮
■(one's shell)(figurative)used with reference to a state of shyness or introversion
(喻)害羞；内向
she'll soon come out of her shell with the right encouragement.
给她适当的鼓励，很快她就会不再羞怯的。
something resembling or likened to a shell because of its shape or its function as an outer case
壳状物
pasta shells.
贝壳形意式面。
baked pastry shells filled with cheese.
奶酪馅烤饼。
■the walls of an unfinished or gutted building or other structure
（建筑物的）壳体，空壳
the hotel was a shell, the roof having collapsed completely.
旅馆成了废空壳，屋顶完全倒塌了。
■(figurative)an outer form without substance
(喻)空躯壳
he was a shell of the man he had been previously.
他已经不是过去的他了，成了一副空躯壳。
■a light racing boat
轻型赛艇
■the metal framework of a vehicle body
（车身的）外壳
■an inner or roughly made coffin
内棺；粗制棺材
■the handguard of a sword
（剑的）护手
■(Physics)each of a set of orbitals around the nucleus of an atom, occupied or able to be occupied by electrons of similar energies
(物理)壳层
an explosive artillery projectile or bomb
炮弹；炸弹
the sound of the shell passing over, followed by the explosion.
炮弹嗖的一声飞过，接着是爆炸声。
[as modifier]shell holes.
弹孔，弹坑。
■a hollow metal or paper case used as a container for fireworks, explosives, or cartridges
烟花筒；弹壳；弹药筒
■(N. Amer.)a cartridge
(北美)子弹
(Computing). short for shell program
(计算机)。 shell program 的简称

verb
[with obj.]

bombard with shells
炮轰
the guns started shelling their positions.
大炮开始轰击他们的阵地。
■(一般作 be shelled)(Baseball)score heavily against (an opposing pitcher or team)
(棒球)从（对方投手或球队）大量得分
remove the shell or pod from (a nut or seed)
剥壳；脱壳；脱粒
they were shelling peas.
他们在剥豌豆。
[asadj. shelled]shelled Brazil nuts.
去壳巴西果。

派生
shelled
adjective

[incombination]a soft-shelled clam
软壳蛤

shell-less
adjective
shelly
adjective
语源

Old English scell (noun), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch schel 'scale, shell', also to scale. The verb dates from the mid 16th cent. in sense 2

继承用法
shell something out (或 shell out)

(informal)pay a specified amount of money, especially an amount that is resented as being excessive
(非正式)付款（尤指付因认为过多而不愿付的款）
he has had to shell out £500 a week hiring a bodyguard.
他得每周付出500英镑雇佣一个保镖。

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