stem

stem¹
noun

the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean
（植物、灌木的）茎，干
■the stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk
（支撑果实、花朵、叶子的）梗
a long, thin supportive or main section of something
把，柄；干
the main stem of the wing feathers.
翅膀羽毛的主干。
■the slender part of a wine glass between the base and the bowl
（酒杯杯身与底座之间的）柄脚
■the tube of a tobacco pipe
烟斗柄
■a rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch
（机械装置的）阀杆，导杆，棒
■a vertical stroke in a letter or musical note
（文字的）干线；（音符的）符干
(Grammar)the root or main part of a noun, adjective, or other word, to which inflections or formative elements are added
(语法)词干
■(archaic or poetic/literary)the main line of descent of a family or nation
(古或诗／文)家谱，系谱；血统
the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem.
那些希腊部落起源于雅利安血统。
the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined at the front end
船头，艏；艏材，艏柱
(US informal)a pipe used for smoking crack or opium
(美，非正式)鸦片烟枪

(stemmed, stemming)

[no obj.](stem from)originate in or be caused by
起源于
many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion.
大学的许多问题来源于快速扩张。
[with obj.]remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves)
去掉（水果、烟叶的）干（或茎、梗）
[with obj.](of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current)
（船）逆流而行

常用词组
from stem to stern

from the front to the back, especially of a ship
从头到尾；从船头到船尾
surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern.
汹涌的潮水使船从头到尾摇晃起来。

派生
stemless
adjective
stem-like
adjective
语源

Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. Sense 4 is related to Dutch steven, German Steven

stem²
(stemmed, stemming)

[with obj.]stop or restrict (the flow of something)
堵住，塞住；制止（流动）
a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding.
那护士竭尽全力来止血。
an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment.
遏制失业上升的努力。
[no obj.](Skiing)slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards in order to turn or slow down
(滑雪)向外转动（滑雪屐）以便转弯（或减速）

语源

Middle English (in the sense 'to stop, delay'): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th cent.) is from the German verb stemmen

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