an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand 剩余;过剩 exports of food surpluses. 出口过剩的食品。 ■an excess of income or assets over expenditure or liabilities in a given period, typically a financial year (多指一个财政年的)盈余,顺差 a trade surplus of $1,395 million. 13.95亿美元的贸易顺差。 ■the excess value of a company's assets over the face value of its stock 超净资产(公司的净资产超过股本票面价值的部分)
adjective
more than what is needed or used; excess 多余的;过剩的 make the most of your surplus cash. 充分利用你的剩余现金。 the firm told 284 employees that they were surplus to requirements. 公司告诉284名雇员说他们是超编人员。 ■denoting a shop selling excess or out-of-date military equipment or clothing (商店)出售剩余(或过时的)军用品的 she had picked up her boots in an army surplus store. 她从军用剩余物资商店中买了这双靴子。
语源
late Middle English: from Old French sourplus, from medieval Latin superplus, from super- 'in addition' + plus 'more'