tough

tough
adjective

(of a substance or object) strong enough to withstand adverse conditions or rough or careless handling
（物质，物体）坚韧的，坚固的
tough rucksacks for climbers.
登山者的耐用背包。
■(of a person or animal) able to endure hardship or pain; physically robust
（人，动物）能吃苦耐劳的；强壮的
she took a tonic, and said that was why she was as tough as old boots.
她喝了一口补药，说那就是她为什么如此健壮的原因。
■able to protect one's own interests or maintain one's own opinions without being intimidated by opposition; confident and determined
强硬的；自信而坚决的
she's both sensitive and tough.
她既敏感，又强硬。
■demonstrating a strict and uncompromising attitude or approach
（态度，方法）严厉的，不妥协的
police have been getting tough with drivers.
警察最近对司机严厉起来了。
tough new laws on tobacco advertising.
针对烟草广告的严厉的新法律。
■(of a person) strong and prone to violence
（人）粗暴的，粗鲁的
tough young teenagers.
粗暴的青少年。
■(of an area) notorious for violence and crime
（地区）充满暴力与犯罪的
■(of food, especially meat) difficult to cut or chew
（食物，尤指肉）老的，难切的，咬不动的
involving considerable difficulty or hardship; requiring great determination or effort
困难的，艰苦的；需很大决心（或努力）的
the training has been quite tough.
训练非常艰苦。
he had a tough time getting into a good college.
他好不容易才进了一所好大学。
■used to express sympathy with someone in an unpleasant or difficult situation
不幸的，倒霉的（对某人所处困境所说的同情话）
Poor kid. It's tough on her.
可怜的孩子，她真不幸。
■[often as exclamation]used to express a lack of sympathy with someone
活该（对某人缺乏同情的说法）
I feel the way I feel, and if you don't like it, tough.
我就是这么想的，你要不喜欢，随你的便。

noun

(informal)a rough and violent man
(非正式)粗暴的人；有暴力倾向的人

常用词组
tough it out

(informal)endure a period of hardship or difficulty
(非正式)坚持到底，熬过

tough shit (或 titty)

(vulgar slang)used to express a lack of sympathy with someone
(粗俚)活该（表示对某人的不同情）

派生
toughish
adjective
toughly
adverb
toughness
noun
语源

Old English tōh, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch taai and German zäh

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