gall

gall1
[gɔːl]
noun
[mass noun]
  1. bold, impudent behaviour
    无耻大胆的举止，厚脸皮
    the bank had the gall to demand a fee.
    银行竟有脸收费。
  2. the contents of the gall bladder; bile (proverbial for its bitterness)
    胆汁（以苦涩闻名）
    ■[count noun]an animal's gall bladder
    （动物的）胆囊
    ■used to refer to something bitter or cruel
    痛苦（或残忍）之事
    accept life's gall without blaming somebody else.
    无怨地忍受生活的痛苦。
语源
  1. Old English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gal, German Galle 'gall', from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kholē and Latin fel 'bile'
gall2
[gɔːl]
noun
  1. [mass noun]annoyance; irritation
    恼怒；愤怒
    he imagined Linda's gall as she found herself still married and not rich.
    他想象着当琳达发现自己婚也没离成，又没有钱时的气恼。
  2. a sore on the skin made by chafing
    （皮肤）擦伤处
verb
[with obj.]
  1. make (someone) feel annoyed
    使（某人）恼怒，烦恼
    the duke knew he was losing, and it galled him.
    公爵知道自己要输了，这令他大为恼火。
  2. make sore by rubbing
    擦痛，磨痛
    the straps that galled their shoulders.
    那些磨痛了他们肩膀的带子。
语源
  1. Old English gealle 'sore on a horse', perhaps related to gall; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch
gall3
[gɔːl]
noun
  1. an abnormal growth formed in response to the presence of insect larvae, mites, or fungi on plants and trees, especially oaks
    瘿，虫瘿，菌瘿
    ■[as modifier]denoting insects or mites that produce such growths
    （引起瘿的）昆虫；螨虫
    gall flies.
    瘿蝇。
语源
  1. Middle English: via Old French from Latin galla
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