rub

rub
(rubbed, rubbing)
  1. [with obj.]move one's hand or a cloth repeatedly to and fro on the surface of (something) with firm pressure
    擦，摩擦；揉擦，按摩
    she rubbed her arm, where she had a large bruise.
    她揉擦有大块青肿的手臂。
    [no obj.]he rubbed at the earth on his jeans.
    他擦掉了牛仔裤上的泥土。
    ■[with obj. and adverbial of direction]move (one's hand, a cloth, or another object) over a surface in such a way
    用（手，布或其他物体）擦，摩擦；揉擦，按摩
    he rubbed a finger round the rim of his mug.
    他用手指擦了杯口一圈。
    ■[with obj. and adverbial]cause (two things) to move to and fro against each other with a certain amount of pressure and friction
    使（两物）相擦；使触碰
    many insects make noises by rubbing parts of their bodies together.
    许多昆虫通过摩擦身体的部位来发出声音。
    ■[no obj., with adverbial]move to and fro over something while pressing or grinding against it
    互相摩擦；触碰
    the ice breaks into small floes that rub against each other.
    冰块断裂成互相触碰的小浮冰。
    ■[no obj.](of shoes or other hard items in contact with the skin) cause pain through friction
    （鞋子或与皮肤接触的其他硬物）擦痛
    badly fitting shoes can rub painfully.
    不合脚的鞋子会擦痛脚。
    ■make dry, clean, or smooth with pressure from a hand, cloth, or other object
    擦干；擦净；擦光滑
    she found a towel and began rubbing her hair.
    她找到一条毛巾，开始擦干头发。
    [with obj. and complement]she rubbed herself as dry as possible.
    她把自己擦得尽量干。
    ■[with obj. and adverbial]spread (ointment, polish, or a substance of similar consistency) over a surface with repeated movements of one's hand or a cloth
    擦，涂（油膏，擦亮剂或其他类似粘稠度的物质）
    she took out her suncream and rubbed some on her nose.
    她拿出防晒霜，涂了些在鼻子上。
    ■(rub something in/into/through)work an ingredient into (a mixture) by breaking and blending it with firm movements of one's fingers
    把（配料）揉擦进（混合物）
    sift the flour into a bowl and rub in the fat.
    把面粉筛进碗里，然后把脂油揉进面粉里。
    ■reproduce the design of (a sepulchral brass or a stone) by rubbing paper laid on it with heelball or coloured chalk
    摹拓，拓印（黄铜碑或墓石的）碑文
    ■[no obj.](Bowls)(of a bowl) be slowed or diverted by the unevenness of the ground
    (滚木球)（球）受阻，转向
noun
  1. [usu. in sing]an act of rubbing
    擦，摩擦；按摩
    she pulled out a towel and gave her head a quick rub.
    她拉出一条毛巾，迅速擦了一下头。
    ■an ointment designed to be rubbed on the skin to ease pain
    （涂在皮肤上减轻疼痛的）油膏
    a muscle rub.
    揉擦肌肉的油膏。
  2. (一般作 the rub)a difficulty, especially one of central importance in a situation
    （尤指困难处境中至关重要的）困难，障碍
    that was the rub—she had not cared enough.
    那就是问题所在——她关心不够。
  3. (Bowls)an inequality of the ground impeding or diverting a bowl; the diversion or hindering of a bowl by this
    (滚木球)（使球受阻或转向的）场地不平；（球）受阻，转向
常用词组
not have two — to rub together
  1. (informal)have none or hardly any of the specified item, especially money
    (非正式)没有（或几乎没有）某物（尤指钱）
    she doesn't have two farthings to rub together.
    她没有钱。
rub one's hands
  1. rub one's hands together to show keen satisfaction
    双手相擦以示极为满意
rub it in (或 rub someone's nose in something)
  1. (informal)emphatically draw someone's attention to an embarrassing or painful fact
    (非正式)向某人反复提及尴尬的事（或令人痛苦的事）；揭某人的疮疤
    they don't just beat you, they rub it in.
    他们不只是打你，而是揭你的疮疤。
rub noses
  1. rub one's nose against someone else's in greeting (especially as traditional among Maoris and some other peoples)
    （问候时）互相用鼻子摩擦（尤指毛利人和其他一些民族的传统问候方式）
rub shoulders ( 或美 elbows)
  1. associate or come into contact with another person
    和（某人）接触，和（某人）接近，和（某人）密切往来
    he rubbed shoulders with TV stars at the party.
    在聚会上他和电视明星接近。
rub someone ( 或英 rub someone up) the wrong way
  1. irritate or repel someone (as by stroking a cat against the lie of its fur)
    惹怒某人，触犯某人，使某人反感
语源
  1. Middle English (as a verb): perhaps from Low German rubben, of unknown ultimate origin. The noun dates from the late 16th cent
继承用法
rub along
  1. (Brit. informal)cope or manage without undue difficulty
    (英，非正式)勉强对付过去
    they rub along because their overheads are so low.
    他们还算能对付过去，因为他们付出的经常管理费用很低。
    ■have a friendly but not intense relationship; get along together
    保持尚称和睦的关系，相处得还不错，合得来
    they liked each other and rubbed along quite well.
    他们彼此有好感，相处得不错。
rub something down
  1. dry, smooth, or clean something by rubbing
    擦干；擦亮；磨光；擦净
    ■rub the sweat from a horse or one's own body after exercise
    把（马或人身上的汗）擦干
rub off
  1. be transferred by contact or association
    （通过接触或交往而）对…产生影响
    when parents are having a hard time, their tension can easily rub off on the kids.
    当父母日子不好过时，他们的紧张会很容易传染给孩子。
rub someone out
  1. (informal, chiefly N. Amer.)kill someone
    (非正式，主北美)杀掉某人，干掉某人
rub something out
  1. erase pencil marks with a rubber
    （用橡皮擦）擦掉，抹掉（铅笔字迹）
rub something up
  1. polish a metal or leather object
    擦拭；擦亮（金属，皮革制品）
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