spirit

spirit
noun
  1. the non-physical part of a person which is the seat of emotions and character; the soul
    （与肉体相对的）精神；心灵；心；心智
    we seek a harmony between body and spirit.
    我们寻求肉体和精神之间的和谐。
    ■such a part regarded as a person's true self and as capable of surviving physical death or separation
    灵魂，精神
    a year after he left, his spirit is still present.
    他离开一年以后，他的灵魂依然存在。
    ■such a part manifested as an apparition after their death; a ghost
    幽灵；鬼魂
    ■a supernatural being
    神灵
    shrines to nature spirits.
    供奉自然神灵的神殿。
    ■(Spirit). short for Holy Spirit
    Holy Spirit 的简称
    ■(archaic)a highly refined substance or fluid thought to govern vital phenomena
    (古)元气
  2. [in sing.]those qualities regarded as forming the definitive or typical elements in the character of a person, nation, or group or in the thought and attitudes of a particular period
    （个人、民族或群体的）精神实质，气质；（特定时期内社会的）思想实质或核心思想，（时代）精神
    the university is a symbol of the nation's egalitarian spirit.
    这所大学是该国平等精神的象征。
    ■[with adj.]a person identified with their most prominent mental or moral characteristics or with their role in a group or movement
    （具有特定品质的）人物；（在特定群体或活动中发挥某种作用的）人物
    he was a leading spirit in the conference.
    他是会议的核心人物。
    ■a specified emotion or mood, especially one prevailing at a particular time
    （特定时期的）主要倾向；思想情绪
    I hope the team will build on this spirit of confidence.
    我希望这支队伍要以信心作为思想基础。
    ■(spirits)a person's mood
    情绪，心情
    the warm weather lifted everyone's spirits after the winter.
    寒冬过后，暖和的天气使大家精神振奋。
    ■[mass noun]the quality of courage, energy, and determination or assertiveness
    气魄；锐气
    his visitors admired his spirit and good temper.
    来访者因他气宇不凡，秉性温良，而对他不胜钦佩。
    ■the attitude or intentions with which someone undertakes or regards something
    态度
    he confessed in a spirit of self-respect, not defiance.
    他以自尊自爱而不是蔑视的态度公开承认了。
    ■the real meaning or the intention behind something as opposed to its strict verbal interpretation
    真实意义；精神实质
    the rule had been broken in spirit if not in letter.
    如果说从字面形式上还没有不遵守这条规则，那么在精神实质上它已被违反了。
  3. (常作 spirits)(chiefly Brit.)strong distilled liquor such as brandy, whisky, gin, or rum
    (主英)烈性酒（如白兰地、威士忌、杜松子酒或朗姆酒）
    ■[mass noun][with modifier]a volatile liquid, especially a fuel, prepared by distillation
    挥发性液体（尤指用蒸馏法提炼的燃料）
    aviation spirit.
    航空燃料。
    ■(archaic)a solution of volatile components extracted from something, typically by distillation or by solution in alcohol
    (古)精（多指蒸馏出的液体）
    spirits of turpentine.
    松脂油。
(spirited, spiriting)
  1. [with obj. and adverbial of direction]convey rapidly and secretly
    偷偷迅速地运送
    stolen cows were spirited away some distance to prevent detection.
    偷来的牛被迅速偷运到较远的地方以防被发现。
常用词组
enter into the spirit
  1. join wholeheartedly in an event, especially one of celebration and festivity
    全身心地投入活动（尤指节庆活动）中
    he entered into the spirit of the occasion by dressing as a pierrot.
    他打扮成丑角的模样全身心地投入了这个活动。
in (或 in the) spirit
  1. in thought or intention though not physically
    在精神上
    he couldn't be here in person, but he is with us in spirit.
    他虽然不能亲自到这来，但他的精神是和我们在一起的。
the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
  1. (proverb)someone has good intentions but fails to live up to them
    (谚)心灵愿意，但肉体却软弱了；心有余而力不足
when the spirit moves someone
  1. when someone feels inclined to do something
    在某人想（或喜欢）做某事时，只要某人高兴
    he can be quite candid when the spirit moves him.
    只要他高兴，他有时也会相当坦率的。
the spirit world
  1. (in animistic and occult belief) the non-physical realm in which disembodied spirits have their existence
    （在万物有灵论和神秘信仰中的）灵魂世界
继承用法
spirit someone up
  1. (archaic)stimulate, animate, or cheer up someone
    (古)激励人；鼓舞人
语源
  1. Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French, from Latin spiritus 'breath, spirit', from spirare 'breathe'
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